MCQ On Acids Bases And Salts Class 10 Pdf

 MCQ On Acids Bases And Salts Class 10 Pdf.

Acids: Acids are a group of chemical substances that have certain characteristic properties:

• Sour Taste: Many acids, such as lemon juice and vinegar, have a sour taste.

• Red Litmus Paper: When an acid comes into contact with red litmus paper, it turns the paper red.

• React with Metals: Acids can react with certain metals, such as zinc or iron, to produce hydrogen gas. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with zinc (Zn), it produces zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2).

• pH Value: Acids have a pH value of less than 7. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid. Strong acids have a pH close to 0, while weak acids have a slightly higher pH.

One common example of an acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is found in our stomach and helps in the digestion of food. Another example is citric acid, found in citrus fruits like lemons and oranges.

Bases: Bases, also known as alkalis, are another group of chemical substances with specific properties:

• Bitter Taste: Many bases, such as baking soda, have a bitter taste.

• Blue Litmus Paper: Bases turn blue litmus paper to red when it comes into contact with it.

• Slippery Feel: Bases have a soapy or slippery feel when touched.

• React with Acids: Bases react with acids in a process called neutralization, forming salts and water.

• pH Value: Bases have a pH value greater than 7. The higher the pH, the stronger the base. Strong bases have a pH close to 14, while weak bases have a slightly lower pH.

An example of a common base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is used in various cleaning products, including oven cleaners and drain openers. Another example is ammonia (NH3), which is used in household cleaning solutions.

Salts: Salts are compounds formed when an acid reacts with a base through a chemical reaction called neutralization. During this reaction, the hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions (OH-) from the base to form water (H2O). The remaining ions from the acid and base combine to form the salt.

For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the following neutralization reaction occurs: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O (The resulting salt is sodium chloride, which is common table salt.)

Salts have various uses in everyday life:

• Food Preservatives: Some salts are used to preserve food, like sodium chloride (table salt) in cooking and sodium nitrite in cured meats.

• Fertilizers: Certain salts, such as ammonium nitrate, are used as fertilizers to provide essential nutrients to plants.

• Soaps and Detergents: Salts of fatty acids are used in the production of soaps and detergents, making them effective in removing grease and oils.

• Medicines: Some salts are used in medicine formulations to make them easier to administer and more stable.

Understanding the properties and interactions of acids, bases, and salts is essential in various scientific and practical applications, and it forms the basis of chemistry studies for young students.

MCQ On Acids Bases And Salts Class 10 Pdf

1. Which of the following is a characteristic property of acids?

a) Bitter taste

b) Turns blue litmus paper red

c) Turns red litmus paper blue

d) No effect on litmus paper

Answer: b) Turns blue litmus paper red

Explanation: Acids are substances that can change the color of blue litmus paper to red, indicating their acidic nature.

2. Which gas is released when an acid reacts with a metal?

a) Oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Hydrogen

d) Nitrogen

Answer: c) Hydrogen

Explanation: When acids react with metals, they produce hydrogen gas along with a metal salt.

3. What is the pH range of acidic solutions?

a) 0 to 7

b) 7 to 14

c) 1 to 6

d) 8 to 14

Answer: c) 1 to 6

Explanation: Acidic solutions have a pH value less than 7. The lower the pH value, the stronger the acid.

4. Lemon juice and vinegar are examples of:

a) Bases

b) Salts

c) Neutral substances

d) Acids

Answer: d) Acids

Explanation: Lemon juice and vinegar are acidic substances due to the presence of citric acid and acetic acid, respectively.

5. Which acid is found in ant stings and nettle leaves?

a) Sulphuric acid

b) Nitric acid

c) Formic acid

d) Acetic acid

Answer: c) Formic acid

Explanation: Formic acid is responsible for the stinging sensation in ant stings and nettle leaves.

6. What happens when an acid is added to water?

a) The water becomes acidic

b) The acid loses its properties

c) The acid dissolves in water

d) The water evaporates

Answer: c) The acid dissolves in water

Explanation: When an acid is added to water, it dissolves and forms an acidic solution.

7. Which acid is present in citrus fruits like oranges and lemons?

a) Hydrochloric acid

b) Citric acid

c) Nitric acid

d) Sulfuric acid

Answer: b) Citric acid

Explanation: Citric acid is responsible for the sour taste in citrus fruits like oranges and lemons.

8. What is the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid?

a) HCl

b) H2SO4

c) HNO3

d) H3PO4

Answer: a) HCl

Explanation: The chemical formula of hydrochloric acid is HCl.

9. Which acid is commonly found in vinegar?

a) Citric acid

b) Acetic acid

c) Sulfuric acid

d) Nitric acid

Answer: b) Acetic acid

Explanation: Vinegar contains acetic acid, which gives it its characteristic sour taste.

10. Which of the following is not a property of bases?

a) Bitter taste

b) Slippery feel

c) Turns red litmus paper blue

d) Turns blue litmus paper red

Answer: d) Turns blue litmus paper red

Explanation: Bases turn red litmus paper blue, not blue litmus paper red.

11. Which base is commonly used in antacid tablets to relieve acidity?

a) Sodium hydroxide

b) Calcium carbonate

c) Ammonium hydroxide

d) Potassium hydroxide

Answer: b) Calcium carbonate

Explanation: Antacid tablets usually contain calcium carbonate as the active ingredient to neutralize excess stomach acid.

12. What is the pH of a neutral solution?

a) 0

b) 7

c) 14

d) 10

Answer: b) 7

Explanation: A pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution, where the concentration of hydrogen ions is equal to that of hydroxide ions.

13. Which of the following is an example of a salt?

a) Sodium bicarbonate

b) Lemon juice

c) Milk of magnesia

d) Orange juice

Answer: a) Sodium bicarbonate

Explanation: Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is an example of a salt.

14. When a base reacts with an acid, the products formed are:

a) Salt and water

b) Salt and hydrogen gas

c) Salt and oxygen gas

d) Salt and carbon dioxide gas

Answer: a) Salt and water

Explanation: When a base reacts with an acid, the products are a salt and water.

15. Which base is commonly found in soaps and detergents?

a) Calcium hydroxide

b) Sodium hydroxide

c) Potassium hydroxide

d) Ammonium hydroxide

Answer: b) Sodium hydroxide

Explanation: Sodium hydroxide is commonly used in soaps and detergents due to its ability to dissolve oils and fats.

16. Which acid is present in the human stomach to aid digestion?

a) Hydrochloric acid

b) Sulfuric acid

c) Phosphoric acid

d) Nitric acid

Answer: a) Hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the stomach to help in the digestion of food.

17. Which of the following is a weak acid?

a) Hydrochloric acid

b) Sulfuric acid

c) Citric acid

d) Nitric acid

Answer: c) Citric acid

Explanation: Citric acid is a weak acid commonly found in citrus fruits.

18. Which of the following is a natural source of a base?

a) Vinegar

b) Lemon juice

c) Baking soda

d) Milk of magnesia

Answer: d) Milk of magnesia

Explanation: Milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, a natural source of a base.

19. What is the color of phenolphthalein indicator in a basic solution?

a) Red

b) Blue

c) Pink

d) Colorless

Answer: c) Pink

Explanation: Phenolphthalein turns pink in a basic solution.

20. Which acid is responsible for the sour taste in grapes?

a) Citric acid

b) Tartaric acid

c) Lactic acid

d) Ascorbic acid

Answer: b) Tartaric acid

Explanation: Tartaric acid is the acid responsible for the sour taste in grapes.

21. Which gas is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

a) Oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Hydrogen

d) Nitrogen

Answer: b) Carbon dioxide

Explanation: When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, it produces carbon dioxide gas along with a salt.

22. Which of the following is a weak base?

a) Sodium hydroxide

b) Potassium hydroxide

c) Ammonium hydroxide

d) Calcium hydroxide

Answer: c) Ammonium hydroxide

Explanation: Ammonium hydroxide is a weak base commonly used in household cleaning products.

23. What is the pH range of basic solutions?

a) 0 to 7

b) 7 to 14

c) 1 to 6

d) 8 to 14

Answer: b) 7 to

 14

Explanation: Basic solutions have a pH value greater than 7. The higher the pH value, the stronger the base.

24. Which salt is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

a) Sodium chloride

b) Sodium bicarbonate

c) Sodium sulfate

d) Sodium nitrate

Answer: a) Sodium chloride

Explanation: The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produces sodium chloride (common salt) and water.

25. Which acid is found in sour milk and yogurt?

a) Lactic acid

b) Acetic acid

c) Citric acid

d) Formic acid

Answer: a) Lactic acid

Explanation: Lactic acid is responsible for the sour taste in sour milk and yogurt.

26. What is the common name for sodium bicarbonate?

a) Baking soda

b) Washing soda

c) Borax

d) Table salt

Answer: a) Baking soda

Explanation: Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda and is used in baking and cooking.

27. Which of the following is a common use of sulfuric acid?

a) Food flavoring

b) Fertilizer production

c) Antacid preparation

d) Toothpaste manufacturing

Answer: b) Fertilizer production

Explanation: Sulfuric acid is extensively used in the production of fertilizers.

28. Which acid is present in vinegar and responsible for its characteristic smell?

a) Citric acid

b) Acetic acid

c) Tartaric acid

d) Hydrochloric acid

Answer: b) Acetic acid

Explanation: Acetic acid gives vinegar its characteristic smell and taste.

29. What is the chemical formula of nitric acid?

a) HCl

b) H2SO4

c) HNO3

d) H3PO4

Answer: c) HNO3

Explanation: The chemical formula of nitric acid is HNO3.

30. Which of the following is a natural source of acid?

a) Baking soda

b) Lemon juice

c) Ammonium hydroxide

d) Milk of magnesia

Answer: b) Lemon juice

Explanation: Lemon juice contains citric acid, a natural source of acid.

31. What is the pH value of a strong acid?

a) 0

b) 7

c) 14

d) 1

Answer: a) 0

Explanation: The pH value of a strong acid is close to 0, indicating a highly acidic solution.

32. Which base is commonly used in the manufacture of soap?

a) Sodium hydroxide

b) Calcium hydroxide

c) Ammonium hydroxide

d) Potassium hydroxide

Answer: a) Sodium hydroxide

Explanation: Sodium hydroxide is used in the saponification process to produce soap.

33. Which acid is found in the stings of bees?

a) Citric acid

b) Acetic acid

c) Formic acid

d) Sulfuric acid

Answer: c) Formic acid

Explanation: Formic acid is the acid responsible for the stinging sensation in bee stings.

34. What is the pH of a strongly basic solution?

a) 0

b) 7

c) 14

d) 10

Answer: c) 14

Explanation: A pH of 14 indicates a strongly basic solution, where the concentration of hydroxide ions is higher than that of hydrogen ions.

35. Which acid is responsible for the sour taste in tomatoes?

a) Citric acid

b) Acetic acid

c) Ascorbic acid

d) Tartaric acid

Answer: c) Ascorbic acid

Explanation: Ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C, is responsible for the sour taste in tomatoes.

36. Which of the following is a property of salts?

a) Sour taste

b) Slippery feel

c) Change in color of litmus paper

d) Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas

Answer: c) Change in color of litmus paper

Explanation: Salts do not show taste or touch sensations, but they do have the property of changing the color of litmus paper.

37. Which of the following is a use of hydrochloric acid?

a) Baking

b) Neutralizing stomach acidity

c) Cleaning glassware

d) Providing a pleasant flavor to foods

Answer: c) Cleaning glassware

Explanation: Hydrochloric acid is used for cleaning and etching glassware in laboratories and industries.

38. Which acid is commonly found in oranges and other citrus fruits?

a) Citric acid

b) Acetic acid

c) Lactic acid

d) Sulfuric acid

Answer: a) Citric acid

Explanation: Citric acid is present in oranges and other citrus fruits, giving them their characteristic sour taste.

39. What is the common name for sodium hydroxide?

a) Baking soda

b) Washing soda

c) Borax

d) Caustic soda

Answer: d) Caustic soda

Explanation: Sodium hydroxide is commonly known as caustic soda due to its corrosive properties.

40. Which of the following is a property of bases?

a) Release of hydrogen gas when reacting with metals

b) Sour taste

c) Turns red litmus paper blue

d) Turns blue litmus paper red

Answer: c) Turns red litmus paper blue

Explanation: Bases turn red litmus paper blue, indicating their basic nature.

41. What is the pH range of neutral solutions?

a) 0 to 7

b) 7 to 14

c) 1 to 6

d) 6 to 8

Answer: b) 7 to 14

Explanation: Neutral solutions have a pH value of 7, which is neither acidic nor basic.

42. Which salt is formed when sulfuric acid reacts with calcium hydroxide?

a) Calcium sulfate

b) Calcium chloride

c) Calcium carbonate

d) Calcium nitrate

Answer: a) Calcium sulfate

Explanation: The reaction between sulfuric acid and calcium hydroxide produces calcium sulfate and water.

43. Which acid is present in lemons and responsible for their sour taste?

a) Citric acid

b) Tartaric acid

c) Lactic acid

d) Acetic acid

Answer: a) Citric acid

Explanation: Citric acid is responsible for the sour taste in lemons.

44. What is the chemical formula of acetic acid?

a) HCl

b) H2SO4

c) HNO3

d) CH3COOH

Answer: d) CH3COOH

Explanation: The chemical formula of acetic acid is CH3COOH.

45. Which of the following is a property of acids?

a) Slippery feel

b) Bitter taste

c) Turns blue litmus paper red

d) Turns red litmus paper blue

Answer: c) Turns blue litmus paper red

Explanation: Acids turn blue litmus paper red, indicating their acidic nature.

46. Which base is commonly found in household cleaning products?

a) Calcium hydroxide

b) Sodium hydroxide

c) Ammonium hydroxide

d) Potassium hydroxide

Answer: c) Ammonium hydroxide

Explanation: Ammonium hydroxide is commonly used in household cleaning products as a weak base.

47. What is the pH value of a weak acid?

a) 0

b) 7

c) 14

d) 5

Answer: d) 5

Explanation: The pH value of a weak acid is slightly acidic, usually around 5.

48. Which acid is found in sour cherries and rhubarb?

a) Citric acid

b) Tartaric acid

c) Lactic acid

d) Ascorbic acid

Answer: b) Tartaric acid

Explanation: Tartaric acid is responsible for the sour taste in sour cherries and rhubarb.

49. Which of the following is a use of nitric acid?

a) Food preservative

b) Fertilizer production

c) Baking ingredient

d) Antacid preparation

Answer: b) Fertilizer production

Explanation: Nitric acid is used in the production of fertilizers like ammonium nitrate.

50. What is the common name for potassium hydroxide?

a) Baking soda

b) Washing soda

c) Lye

d) Table salt

Answer: c) Lye

Explanation: Potassium hydroxide is commonly known as lye and is used in soap making and food preparation.